Thursday, July 28, 2011

Post Industrial Baltimore or Rebirth of Industries with New Technologies?

I have used the term post industrial city a few times myself usually thinking of Bethlehem Steel or other industrial giants that used to fuel and pollute Baltimore and give tens of thousands good paychecks. Bethlehem's sprawling peninsula jotting into the Patapsco River beyond Baltimore's Harbor is certainly the posterchild of old industry with its smoke belching blast furnaces, its flows of liquid iron and blackened factory shacks. Yet, even steel making is still alive in Baltimore and, actually, with only a tenth of workers, and in the hands of Russian steel giant Severstal, almost as much steel is made on Sparrows Point as in Bethlehem's heydays. http://www.makingsteel.com/sun.html.
But then, can and should Johns Hopkins Hospital (now Maryland's largest employer) or MICA (Baltimore's "coolest" college) really replace manufacturing? Should knowledge, creativity and ideas be a substitute for making actual physical things? In the virtual age, can people really exist without products that take up actual three dimensional space? Should what is made really always be made in China?
The SavWatt Building, housing the University of Maryland, Offices and manufacturing

Wicomico Street at Carroll Camden is testimony of a glorious past where industrial products came    and went by rail right to the door
SavWatt, a new company in the market of the emerging technology of LED lighting (light emitting diodes) doesn't seem to think that manual labor or assembly is dead in Baltimore. http://savwatt.com/. Today they opened their corporate headquarter  in Carroll Camden, an old industrial area just south of Pigtown. On Wicomico Street is a wonderfully sturdy concrete building with 8 floors. It was made for manufacturing with heavy columns and thick floors and its own rail track entering the first floor.

The company employs only 30 people to date and certainly enters a crowded market. Nothing is really made here in Baltimore, diodes are just assembled to become modern light fixtures. Yet, this company shows that there is use for these old industrial buildings, that there are jobs for making things and that made in the USA doesn't have to be just nostalgia, not in the country and not in Baltimore. And that the product being made here can be a product with a bright future. Literally.

Sunday, July 24, 2011

The Stuttgart Station Saga Continues

Protest around the station last year

Some discover their love when it comes to saying good bye. So it is with the Stuttgart main rail station (Hauptbahnhof) lovers. Its 16 tracks teaming with arriving and departing trains day and night, it was never considered a particular jewel until Deutsche Bahn decided that it should change the head in station into a through station. Now some consider it even a world historic monument (Weltkulturerbe).

Through movement had been already accomplished for the regional commuter trains (S Bahn) by putting those underground and running them under downtown and up steep hills until they surface miles away in Vaihingen. But the high speed rail (ICE) trains still pull into the station and then back out in a big Y movement, naturally not conducive to speed and expediency even though these modern ICE units have no engines and are reversible like streetcars.

The envisioned station would run the tracks and trains perpendicular to the current platforms and free the entire rail mumbo jumbo that is needed for the current in and out operation for new inner urban development. However, since the new underground alignment has to miss all kinds of obstacles in its way  it is rather shallow which in turn requires that the north wing of the current horse shoe shaped station building has to come down. Its demolition set off all the grand protests of last year that made even the German Chancellor comment in far away Berlin and seemed to shake the very foundation of German democracy. Now in the light of the Euro crisis and the financial woes all around, things look a little less dramatic except for the green governor of Baden Wuerttemberg (Where Stuttgart is the capital) who was swept into power in part thanks to the nuclear question brought back to the top of concerns after the Japanese earthquake and in part thanks to Stuttgart 21.
He has to preside over this project now that he never wanted to proceed. "Pacta sunt servanda" says German Rail and especially so after the station plans passed the "stress test" for capacity that came out of an arbitration process. Stress tests are all the rage in Europe, not only this station had to pass one, so had all major European banks and all nuclear power plants. It remains to be seen how Governor Kretschmann  (Ministerpraesident) will deal with the stress that this causes him.
A poll published in the local Stuttgart paper on 7/25 finds that public opinion has markedly shifted and that now more people (43%) want the new station than not (34%). The love for the old station wings seems to be fading.

The main concourse of the station which will remain

The south-wing and tower. The wing beyond the tower will be demolished



Stuttgart 21 passes test as opponents balk
Published: 21 Jul 11 15:39 CET
Online: http://www.thelocal.de/national/20110721-36455.html
The conflict over the Stuttgart 21 railway project flared up again on Thursday when opponents to the plan said they would not take part in the presentation of a ‘stress test’ report on how it would function, branding it nothing more than a show.
Opposition representatives Brigitte Dahlbender and Hannes Rockenbauch said they would boycott next Tuesday’s presentation of the test's result, which apparently is set to green-light the controversial revamp of Stuttgart's main train station.

The crucial section of the long-awaited report of Swiss engineering firm SMA was leaked to the press on Thursday – and it supports the claim of railway operator Deutsche Bahn that the project could result in at least 30 percent increased capacity.

“Our review of the simulation results has shown that the required 49 arrivals in Stuttgart main station during the busiest hours, and using the provided timetable, with economically optimal quality of operation, can be achieved,” said the report’s decisive sentence.

“We are happy with the result,” said Wolfgang Dietrich, the project’s spokesman.

But Stuttgart 21 opponents said the report was worthless as it did not examine how the new underground station would perform in the case of problems or emergencies. “A stress test without any stress does not deserve the label stress test,” said Rockenbauch.

They have now also walked out of the arbitration talks, chaired by Heiner Geißler, which were started after weeks of protests in Stuttgart last year. The rail project controversy contributed to the election of a Green-led coalition for the state of Baden-Wüttemberg in March.

Deutsche Bahn, the state government, Geißler and opponents had met three times in the last weeks to prepare for the presentation of the report, but opponents have been complaining about a lack of information from the side of the railway.

They also criticized Geißler, saying he was not as neutral as they had thought. He in turn said they were making a mistake by leaving the forum.

Stuttgart 21 consists of a massive construction effort, involving rebuilding the city’s main train station underground and turning it around 90 degrees, as well as laying 57 kilometres of new tracks. The aim is to make the city a major European rail hub.

The official price tag is capped at €4.5 billion but some media reports suggest the true cost may be higher. Opponents have continued to mount protests against the project over the past year, calling it too expensive and unnecessary.



Bürgerumfrage der Stadt Mehrheit der Stuttgarter für Stuttgart 21
StZ, vom 25.07.2011 12:11 Uhr



Die relative Mehrheit der Stuttgarter ist für das Projekt Stuttgart 21 - Details und weitere Ergebnisse der Bürgerumfrage 2011 (Quelle: Statistisches Amt der Stadt Stuttgart) erfahren Sie in unserer Bildergalerie. Foto: Visualisierung: Aldinger & Wolf

Stuttgart - Vier Tage vor der auf Freitag verschobenen Präsentation des Stuttgart-21-Stresstests hat die Stadtverwaltung am Montag im Rathaus den ersten Teil der jüngsten Bürgerumfrage vorgestellt - mit durchaus überraschenden Ergebnissen. Demnach ist in der Landeshauptstadt ein "bemerkenswerter Stimmungswandel" bei den Bürgern zu dem umstrittenen Bahnprojekt Stuttgart 21 festzustellen. "Das Meinungsbild hat sich gedreht, die positiven Äußerungen überwiegen mittlerweile deutlich", erklärte Stuttgarts Ordnungsbürgermeister Martin Schairer am Montag.
Bei der letzten Umfrage im Jahr 2009 hatten noch insgesamt 47 Prozent der Befragten eine negative (schlecht oder sehr schlecht) und nur 29 Prozent eine positive Meinung (gut oder sehr gut) über Stuttgart 21 abgegeben. In der aktuellen Statistik hat sich dieses Meinungsbild nun gedreht: So haben insgesamt 43 Prozent der 4300 Befragten, die den Fragebogen an das Statistische Amt der Landeshauptstadt zurückgeschickt haben, erklärt, eine "sehr gute" oder "gute" Meinung von dem Gesamtprojekt zu haben. Nur noch 34 Prozent äußerten eine schlechte Meinung.
Auf die Skala des sogenannten Kommunalbarometers umgerechnet ergibt sich für Stuttgart 21 damit bei hundert möglichen Punkten ein Ergebnis von 53, dem höchsten Wert seit 1995 (57 Punkte). Seinen schlechtesten Wert hatte das S-21-Barometer, in dem aus den abgegebenen Meinungen ein Mittelwert berechnet wird, im Jahr 2009 mit 41 Punkten angezeigt. Die höchste Zustimmung hat das Projekt nun bei der Gruppe der 18- bis 25-Jährigen erreicht, die geringste bei den 45- bis 65-Jährigen. Fast die Hälfte der insgesamt 8600 ausgewählten Stuttgarterinnen und Stuttgarter haben sich an der jüngsten Umfrage beteiligt, so viele wie noch nie in der Stadtgeschichte. "Das ist die bisher höchste Teilnahmequote bei einer Bürgerumfrage", betonte der Leiter des Statistischen Amtes, Thomas Schwarz. Die Erhebung entspreche damit in hohem Maß allen wissenschaftlichen Ansprüchen an Repräsentativität.
Positive Grundstimmung gegenüber neuen Planungen
Wie schon bei der vergangenen Bürgerumfrage hat die Stadt erneut neben der Gesamtbeurteilung des Projekts auch das Meinungsbild zu den drei Teilaspekten von Stuttgart 21 abgefragt: dem Umbau des Hauptbahnhofs und dem Bau der Schnellbahntrasse, dem neuen Stadtviertel auf dem frei werdenden Areal sowie der Erweiterung von Rosensteinpark und Schlossgarten. Bei allen drei Vorhaben sei die Bewertung gleichermaßen deutlich positiver ausgefallen als noch bei der vergangenen Umfrage, so Bürgermeister Schairer.
Die Gründe für den vollzogenen Meinungsumschwung liegen für den Ordnungsbürgermeister einerseits in der "Aufklärungsarbeit und der intensiven Auseinandersetzung mit dem Projekt", etwa während der Schlichtungsgespräche. "Die Bürger haben sich informiert und überzeugen lassen." Allen voran führt Schairer den Sinneswandel aber auf "die gute Stimmung in der Stadt gegenüber Großprojekten" zurück, die positiver denn je sei: "Die Stuttgarter Bürger zeigen sich offensichtlich sehr aufgeschlossen gegenüber städtischen Vorhaben. Wir fühlen uns dadurch bestätigt."
Tatsächlich ist das Kommunalbarometer in der jüngsten Umfrage bei ausnahmslos allen abgefragten Großprojekten, vom nach wie vor umstrittenen Rosensteintunnel bis zur Bibliothek 21 und dem neuen Stadtquartier auf dem ehemaligen Messegelände am Killesberg, teilweise deutlich gestiegen. Spitzenreiter in der Wertung geplanter Projekte ist der "Ausbau des Stadtbahnnetzes" mit 78 Punkten, aber auch der Neubau des Klinikums auf dem Gelände des Katharinenhospitals hat mit 74 Punkten eine breite Zustimmung erfahren, genauso wie die Weiterentwicklung des Neckarparks. Am schlechtesten abgeschnitten hat der Umbau der Mercedes-Benz-Arena in ein reines Fußballstadion. Das Jahr 2009 sei durch die Wirtschaftskrise geprägt gewesen, verbunden mit Sorgen um die Finanzen, so Schairer. Das habe sich negativ auf die Bereitschaft zu Investitionen ausgewirkt. Die gute wirtschaftliche Entwicklung habe nun wieder zu einer positiven Grundstimmung gegenüber neuen Planungen und Vorhaben geführt.


Wednesday, July 20, 2011

Rowhouses Reincarnated

Even after having surveyed over a hundred Baltimore rowhouses and designed the "full gut" rehab plans for them, there always new experiences.

In the latest twist ArchPlan designed rowhouses for homeowners in the EBDI area which want to return to their homes after the work is done and who get the work paid by the East Baltimore Development Inc. at the same tune as those who moved away received "relocation funds". After up to nine months in temporary quarters and after reviewing the construction process a couple of times these homeowners recently returned ecstatically to the fully refurbished places. In one case we combined two narrow houses horizontally for an artist studio in a former corner store and expanded living quarters upstairs. The result is stunning!

In West Baltimore's National Register Historic District we tried out the use of the Homeowner Historic Tax Credits offered by the State. The twist: These were used in the "developer option", i.e. by the Druid Heights Community Development Corporation for a group of ten. ArchPlan prepared the plans, filed for the tax credit and oversees the construction. Once completed these homes will be sold to individual first time home buyers as affordable units. It is the home-buyer who will actually  get the the tax credit, effectively a write down of the full purchase price.

However, we learned that this is not a simple process, especially when these houses start out as unstable devastated shells that one cannot even enter due to their poor condition. Yet, careful documentation of the historic features, room by room is a prerequisite by the Maryland Historic Trust who oversees the tax credit program. When floors have fallen into the basement and there is no roof then room by room documentation is hard to do. Yet, the rehabs must have historically correct wood windows, wood floors, casework and base boards and cornices. Stairs need newel posts and balusters matching exactly whatever damaged elements are visible on the photos taken of the initial wreckage. Over and over we had to send amendments and additional documentation to the Trust trying to establish what was there and what not. But now, with the houses about finished, the result seems well worth it. Unlike the cheap vinyl ersatz "town"-houses out in the boonies, these houses have stature and character with their marble steps, marble wainscots in the vestibules, parlors with sliding doors brick fronts and double entry doors.

Now the development corporation has to find buyers who can qualify for funding and are willing to move into blocks with still many remaining vacant houses and are able to maintain their new property. Another challenge.

Yet, only if we are willing to have the patience and endurance to fill the city back block by block with folks that prefer urban living over suburban townhouses without towns will we be able to contain sprawl, stabilize once glorious neighborhoods, bring services back into "food deserts", reduce the tax rates and bring Baltimore back as a great city.

Condition of a house before rehab: Where are the historic features?

No roof, no floors


EBDI rowhouse: two houses connected

EBDI double: Second floor hallway

Restored newel post in rehabbed West Baltimore home

Monday, July 11, 2011

San Diego, a view from Baltimore

Jan 2012 Update on transportation Planning in San Diego: Link

Dropping in for a weekend from the rust-belt to the sun-belt, from Baltimore to hip San Diego, what are the visitor's necessarily superficial findings. How is San Diego?
Maybe this: San Diego is located somewhere between drab and glory; trajectory towards glory.

Drab one might ask, how is that? Eternal sun, palm trees, ocean, surf: anything but drab! Well, just a tiny bit drab, mostly to comfort Baltimore.

When the morning mist doesn't lift and downtown shows it's Monday morning sleepy face, then the surface parking lots stand out like missing teeth, so do the vagrants and homeless lurking just about everywhere and the overwhelmingly uninspiring seventies office buildings staring bleakly at each other across the wide streets; too wide for comfort and yet rarely do they boast a bike lane. The civic plaza with theater and municipal offices and catty corner from a gigantic parking garage  is a sad substitute for a meaningful public space and even the trendy mobile vending trucks (“roach coaches”) and coffee stands can't help that. 

But then, the many new apartment buildings and the cranes that tower over several construction sites exude promise and energy. So does the bright red trolley system winding through town. The baseball stadium complex took a chapter from Baltimore and sits downtown without much parking, one side open to the Gaslamp Quarter with its renovated facades and restaurants a testament to historic preservation as economic development.  It isn't as quaint or old as Fells Point but besides the sports bars, rock places  and beer shacks which have patrons sitting at the bar as early as ten o’clock in the morning, there are very decent ethnic restaurants such as a Thai white table cloth place patronized by what appear to be Thai lunch guests. (continued below pictures)

viaduct from Balboa Park to the west as seen from landing plane

the area known as Little Italy

New housing in Little Italy

Transit Oriented Development at City College station

New housing on eastern section of downtown

New housing near Harbor. Train Station in foreground

Houses in South Park

Henry Moore sculpture at Balboa Park







 The working harbor is smallish (foreign trade: Baltimore #14 in the nation, San Diego #72) and the airport is outright cozy with only one runway and just a spitting distance between the drop off curb and the jet way.  Landing there provides a substitute for a helicopter tour so well in focus comes the city. This is also quite noticeable on the ground, jets drowning out conversations over a long swath of prime real estate.
The Pacific ocean cools the town with a permanent breeze and provides the scenic vistas and is such a relief from the desert hinterland that can be kept green only by heroic efforts.
Hillcrest, North Park and South Park placed like pearls around Balboa Park, are close-to- the- city neighborhoods with mostly single family homes tightly packed into the gridded streets, interlaced by an occasional canyon and by those ubiquitous freeways. Each has it's own commercial strip and center, the commercial hub is University Avenue which comes close to being a vibrant urban boulevard in several places even if this is not downtown! The commercial offerings, bakeries, wine stores, healthy food markets etc. prove that these middle of the road communities are gentrifying at a rapid pace. The neighborhood streets are way more diverse than in the east, stylistically but also ethnically. The lesbian couple homeowner with chicken in the yard next to the divided up rental house for professional start ups next to a couple of Mexicans with nine kids and two abandoned cars in the backyard next to new home-buyers who made their house sparkle. You want to buy one of these small bungalows? It will set you back 400 grand at least, maybe 650 if the place has been already renovated. For sale signs are sparse, no matter the housing crisis and a fiscally broken State.

Styles abound:  American Craftsmen, Spanish Mission, Spanish Revival, Adobe Indian and Colonial Indian (Bangla style bungalows), occasionally an American foursquare (“Colonial”). Most with some sort of porch. Tall palm trees are dotting the  sidewalks and skyline. Front yards are often lush and chock-full of exotic plants. Where the landscaping efforts fail, things look quickly trashy; all the cute eclectic neighborhood architecture notwithstanding. The brown dust easily gets the upper hand as a reminder that all of the glory here needs man and water.

Water. So much is that an issue in Southern California that the writer turned predictor of the future, James Howard Kunstler, shrugs San Diego off as a basket case in his recent article in Orion Magazine, in which he tries to describe the future of cities. http://www.orionmagazine.org/index.php/articles/article/6336. I think Kunstler is as wrong regarding San Diego as in the rest of his predictions of gloom and doom. He does not allow for technical innovation as a game-changer. But that would be another story altogether.

However, the rich culture of this place created and formed by Indians, Spanish conquistadores, seafarers, Mexicans, narcotics king-pins and adorers of sunshine and surf for over 240 years (the Balboa Park was the location of two world fares in 1915 and1935 includes today the city’s beautiful cultural mile) would be a great example of human ingenuity succeeding against the odds. The story is still very incomplete. So incomplete, in fact, that the visitor from history rich old lady Baltimore could easily find solace in the fact that San Diego, although twice the size of Baltimore, is still not yet a real metropolis. But be careful, this place is still growing, even if the facade is flimsy at times. There are no 40,000 vacant houses here, no obvious ghettos and not as many children left behind in failing schools. The City Paper like alternative magazine might be thinner, the list of concerts might be shorter and the harbor has fewer attractions than Baltimore’s; but the gay and lesbian pride parade is bigger and that is a good sign of things to come. 
Friday night, art walk in North Little Italy: a thin veneer of history in the shape of historic little houses incongruously strewn about among parking lots, auto shops competes with an equally thin but obviously growing veneer of a new class bursting onto the scene. The new gentry lives in mixed use apartment buildings sprouting like mushroom and ignoring the din of the  landing planes coming in incessantly at a mere 150 feet, ignoring also the horns of the freight and commuter trains cutting across the streets to the west. Outdoor dining is de-rigeur and so are warehouses and shops converted to designer stores and galleries. Free alcohol fuels the crowds in the galleries, young, good looking, trim, tan and well mostly dressed, the cognoscenti recognizing art on the walls and the art of public celebration of life. The gallery scene on Kettner Boulevard changes abruptly into an also alcohol fueled gathering of Harley fans in a motorcycle showroom with Dixie band. Outside next to the parked machines a few historic police cars of the SDPD. This beautifully illustrates the diversity at work in San Diego.

Or on Coronado: a beautiful sandy beach at the San Diego Bay protected by the Loma Point peninsula is a playground for the rich who reside in meticulously manicured million dollar estates overlooking the sunset in the west or the bay and downtown silhouette in the east. The beach is populated by those families that fuel the area's economic development, Asian and Latino immigrants who by now outnumber Caucasians. They park their battered minivans or Hyundais in front of the big villages and there is no trace of class warfare at all.

The demise of San Diego due to water shortage seems as distant and unlikely as the Big One that could wipe all this out in an instant. 
Culture (Balboa Park, Museums)

Nature: Surf in the USA

Monday, July 4, 2011

Instant Urbanism

Site Plan from Developer website
 
View of the currently completed National Harbor
as seen from the meadows of future phases
Sunday I visited National Harbor, a new development on the Maryland side of the Potomac, right outside the DC beltway. Prince George's County is mighty proud to have such a glitzy jewel in its somewhat worn crown, easily able to beat Montgomery County's Bethesda and Silver Spring town centers in "wow". PG County was so eager that it threw several hundred million dollar subsidies at the project.

National Harbor is hard to classify, not a downtown grafted into a suburb like Bethesda Row or downtown Silver Spring. Not even an artificial downtown eventually surrounded by communities like Reston. No, National Harbor is 300 acres of incredible density landed right out there next to rural MD 210 to smallish Indian Head. It is part Las Vegas, part new town, partly Inner Harbor and partly a category of its own.

The National Harbor is the kind of monument that some developers like to erect in their older days. Milt Peterson is the guy who succeeded here where two similar earlier incarnations of big developer dreams, Bay America and Port of America, had failed to get off the ground, or at least, beyond foundations. And the grand gesture also needs art and so Peterson shipped even Seward Johnson's "Awakening" here, the sculpture of a giant digging himself out of the dirt.

Relocated sculpture "Awakening"

Essentially mostly a convention center and resort with its own brand-new instant urban town-center complete with exclusive interstate exit, marina and promenade and thanks to water taxi and a bus stop there is even transit. Roads, the bus and the boat are all tax payer funded initiatives to appease the early opponents of the project. The Potomac outside Woodrow Wilson bridge is impressive as a backdrop for this new stage-set. With the help of huge hotels it also generates it's own instant population which mills around in the three-intersection town grid like so many movie extras dutifully munching the many chain-food offerings.

Things were cooked to the perfection by Sasaki's urban planners following all the new-urbanist recipes. Public spaces emulate everything from Las Ramblas to Harborplace. Unlike in Venice or Barcelona, though, here are plenty of parking garages (10,000 parking spaces are envisioned at built-out for the total 7 million square feet of uses) of course, and the architecture of almost everything is more instant than ancient.

However, the 18 story 2000 room Gaylord convention-resort-hotel complex lording over the development  is truly impressive. Like a Russian doll, it has its own town-center within, basically a replica of the entire National Harbor concept condensed like in a snow dome with a gigantic window to the river and towards Mt Vernon and Alexandria. The 1.6 acre courtyard is covered by a wide span glass roof held up by trusses and tension rods in white steel.  This enforces the nautical theme that brands this "new town" down to a big pirate ship in a large playground. To date National Harbor is the inverse of  the suburb. It has only public spaces and really no private ones to speak of. Not yet. And no beggars, schools, hospitals or gas stations.

A dream place to enjoy like a stationary cruise ship.
Inside the Gaylord covered atrium as touch of Williamsburg
A bit of Harborplace with the main avenue dropping down and opening up to the water


three blocks of las Ramblas are well accepted by folks watching the street life